Morbimortalidade por paracoccidioidomicose no Brasil: 1998 -2006 / Morbidity and mortality from paracoccidioidomycosis in Brazil: 1998 -2006

Morbimortalidade por paracoccidioidomicose no Brasil. 1998-2006. INTRODUÇÃO: A paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é micose sistêmica exclusiva do continente americano. O Brasil detém cerca de 80 por cento dos casos da doença. OBJETIVO: A presente pesquisa analisa, pela primeira vez, a morbidade hospitalar da paracoccidioidomicose no Brasil avaliando-a conjuntamente com a mortalidade pela endemia. METODOLOGIA: Realizou-se um estudo descritivo da morbidade hospitalar e mortalidade por paracoccidioidomicose, no período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2006. Analisou-se sua distribuição no tempo e no espaço e as características epidemiológicas, sociodemográficas e administrativas. As variáveis analisadas foram: frequência dos eventos segundo local de residência e de ocorrência, sexo e idade, óbito hospitalar e ocupação. A fonte dos dados para internações foi o Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH/SUS), e para os óbitos, o Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade (SIM/SUS) do Sistema Único de Saúde. Selecionaram-se as internações e óbitos que tiveram como diagnóstico principal e causa básica, respectivamente, a paracoccidioidomicose (categoria B41) e a blastomicose (B40). O diagnóstico de blastomicose foi considerado equivalente a paracoccidioidomicose. RESULTADOS: No período estudado, ocorreram 6.732 internações e 1523 óbitos, representando, respectivamente, uma taxa de internação de 4,3 e uma taxa de mortalidade por paracoccidioidomicose de 1,0 por milhão de habitantes. A paracoccidioidomicose, com aproximadamente 50 por cento, das internações e dos óbitos, foi a micose sistêmica mais prevalente, figurando entre as dez principais causas de mortalidade por doença infecciosa e parasitária de natureza crônica e recorrente. A maioria dos casos era do sexo masculino, com 82 por cento das internações e 88 por cento dos óbitos. Entre as ocupações bem definidas, 60 por cento dos óbitos ocorreram em trabalhadores rurais...

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis endemic to the American continent. Brazil holds about 80% of cases of the disease.OBJECTIVE: This study aims, first, to analyze, for the first time, the hospital morbidity together with the mortality due to this endemic in Brazil.METHODS: A descriptive study of hospital morbidity and mortality due to paracoccidioidomycosis, was performed from January 1998 to December 2006. Their distribution in time and space, their epidemiological, socio-demographic and administrative characteristics were analyzed. The variables included: frequency of events by place of residence and occurrence, sex and age, in-hospital death and occupation. The source of data for admissions was the Hospital Information System (SIH / SUS), and deaths, the Information System of Mortality (SIM / SUS) of the Unified Health System. All hospital admissions and deaths were selected, respectively, either as primary diagnosis and underlying cause, paracoccidioidomycosis (Category B41) and/or blastomycosis (B40). The diagnosis of blastomycosis was considered equivalent to paracoccidioidomycosis. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that during the analyzed period paracoccidioidomycosis, with approximately 50 percent of all hospital admissions and deaths, was the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Brazil and showed a new spatial distribution of the disease in face of recent trends in the economic, environmental and migration that occur in the Brazilian territory...

Paracoccidioidomycosis mortality in the State of Paraná, Brazil, 1980/1998

Foi conduzido um estudo de mortalidade por paracoccidioidomicose no Estado do Paraná, Brasil, no período de 1980 a 1998, utilizando-se como fonte de dados os registros de óbitos do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade e a população estimada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Para classificação dos óbitos, empregou-se a CID-9 para os anos de 1980 a 1995 e a CID-10 para os anos mais recentes. Nesse período, no Paraná, ocorreram 551 óbitos por paracoccidioidomicose, com prevalência do sexo masculino, na faixa etária compreendida ente 30 a 59 anos. A taxa de mortalidade média anual foi de 3,48 por milhão de habitantes, demonstrando estabilidade no período de estudo. Destacou-se como a quinta causa de mortalidade entre as doenças infecciosas e parasitárias redominantemente crônicas, apresentando a mais alta taxa de mortalidade entre as micoses sistêmicas. Foi observada em 184 municípios, verificando-se, no estudo por mesorregiões, maior número de óbitos no Norte Central e o maior coeficiente de mortalidade no Oeste do Paraná.

Paracoccidioidomycosis mortality in Brazil (1980-1995)

This study analyzes 3,181 deaths from paracoccidioidomycosis in Brazil, based on 16 years of sequential data (from 1980 to 1995). During this period paracoccidioidomycosis showed considerable magnitude and low visibility, representing the eighth most common cause of death from predominantly chronic or recurrent types of infectious and parasitic diseases. It also had the highest mortality rate among the systemic mycoses. The mean annual mortality rate was 1.45 per million inhabitants, indicating a downward long-term trend (reduction of 31.28 percent), while spatial distribution among the different regions and States of Brazil was non-homogenous. The South (with the highest regional rate) and the Southeast showed a downward trend, while the Central West had the second highest rate in the country. At least one-fifth of Brazilian municipalities (or 22.71 percent of the country's total area) reported deaths from paracoccidioidomycosis. Overall nationwide mortality per area was 3.73/10,000km². The disease was endemic in non-metropolitan areas. The majority of deaths occurred in males (84.75 percent), and there was a sex ratio of 562 men/100 women. The 30-59-year and over-60-year age groups were the most affected. The study showed that the mortality rate justifies classifying this disease as a major health problem in Brazil

Atypical Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania braziliensis in an Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patient: T-cell Responses and Remission of Lesions Associated with Antigen Immunotherapy

An atypical case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated mucocutaneous lesions due to Leishmania braziliensis is described. Many vacuolated macrophages laden with amastigote forms of the parasite were found in the lesions. Leishmanin skin test and serology for leishmaniasis were both negative. The patient was resistant to therapy with conventional drugs (antimonial and amphotericin B). Interestingly, remission of lesions was achieved after an alternative combined therapy of antimonial associated with immunotherapy (whole promastigote antigens). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated and stimulated in vitro with Leishmania antigens to test the lymphoproliferative responses (LPR). Before the combined immunochemotherapy, the LPR to leishmanial antigens was negligible (stimulation index - SI=1.4). After the first course of combined therapy it became positive (SI=4.17). The antigen responding cells were predominantly T-cells (47.5 percent) most of them with CD8+ phenotype (33 percent). Very low CD4+ cells (2.2 percent) percentages were detected. The increased T-cell responsiveness to leishmanial antigens after combined therapy was accompanied by interferon-g (IFN-g) production as observed in the cell culture supernatants. In this patient, healing of the leishmaniasis lesions was associated with the induction of a specific T-cell immune response, characterized by the production of IFN-g and the predominance of the CD8+ phenotype among the Leishmania-reactive T-cells